RULE 1170
UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS
1171: Definitions:
(1) “Unfired pressure vessels” shall mean any closed vessel other than a boiler constructed to hold steam, hot water, gas or air, ordinarily supplied from an external source or from the indirect application of heat. This definition shall not include portable cylinders for the storage of compressed gases.
(2) “Steam heated pressure vessels” shall mean an airtight vessel or an open pan or kettle, which is steam jacketed or equipped with steam coil or steam supply piping and is used in such operations as cooking, distilling, drying, evaporating and hardening.
(3) “Water pressure tank” ” mean a pressure vessel used for heating water by means of live steam or steam coil, or for the storage of cold water to be dispersed by means of pressure.
(4) “Air pressure tank” shall mean a pressure vessel used as primary and secondary tank in connection with ordinary compression cycles, and receiving its air supply direct from the compressor.
(5) “Refrigeration tank” shall mean a pressure vessel used in refrigeration system, excluding the piping of such system.
(6) “Working pressure” shall mean a gauge pressure or pressure above the atmospheric pressure in kg./cm 2 g (psig.).
1171.01: Requirements:
For purposes of inspection, checking, tests, and other purposes, prior to the approval of any installation and use of any pressure vessel, the provisions of Rule 1162.01 shall apply.
1171.02: Construction:
(1) Pressure vessels, their fittings and attachments shall be:
a. designed to be suitable for their intended use, and
b. of sufficient strength to sustain internal pressure to which they are normally subjected.
(2) The materials used in the construction of pressure vessels shall be of such quality as to reduce to the minimum the causes of corrosion and electrolysis.
(3) Every pressure vessel shall be accompanied by a certificate issued by the Manufacturer showing the specifications to which the vessel has been constructed and its maximum permissible working pressure.
(4) Application for permit for locally fabricated pressure vessels shall be filed with the Department accompanied by design and specification in four (4) copies.
1171.03: Installation:
(1) Pressure vessels shall be installed in a way that all parts are readily accessible for inspection.
(2) Pressure vessels installed underground shall be placed in concrete or brick pits with removable covers.
(3) Installation shall be as provided under Rule 1167.
1171.04: Factors of Safety:
When an inspection shows deterioration of the pressure vessel the permissible safe working pressure shall be reduced to maintain a factor of safety of not less than five (5) or such other figure as may be specified in the specification to which the pressure vessel was made, provided, that after twenty five (25) years of age, the factor of safety shall be increased by ten percent (10%)
1171.05: Access and Inspection Openings:
(1) Except for those types of pressure vessels where such inspection openings are impracticable, pressure vessels shall be provided with:
a. suitable manhole, hand hole or other openings for inspection, examination and cleaning or
b. removable heads or cover plates of a size not less than the required area of the openings and located to provide adequate view of its interior.
(2) Vessels over six (6) m. (20 ft.) in length shall have at least two (2) manholes.
(3) Hand hole openings in pressure vessels shall be not less than 70 mm. (2 3/4 in.) in size.
1171.06: Safety Appliances:
Pressure vessels shall be protected by such safety and relief valves, indicating and controlling devices to ensure their safe operation. The appliances shall be constructed, located and installed to avoid any mechanical damage.
1171.07: Safety Valves:
(1) Safety valves in pressure vessels shall have mechanical lifting devices to lift the valve disc from its seat when testing. The safety valve shall be set within plus or minus ten percent (10%) of its designed pressure.
(2) Safety valves of pressure vessels where pressure is supplied from an outside source shall be connected to the vessels or systems which are protected to prevent a rise in pressure beyond the allowable maximum.
(3) Pressure vessels in which pressure is generated, shall be provided with safety valves and connected:
a. directly to the vessel or
b. if the contents of the vessels are likely to clog or cause interference with the operation, safety valves may be connected to the pipe lines leading to the vessels.
(4) Safety valves having either the seat or the disc of cast iron shall not be used in pressure vessels.
(5) The discharge capacity of safety valves on pressure vessels shall be sufficient for the size of the supply pipes and the pressure at which the vessels are operated.
(6) Outlets of safety valves on pressure vessels shall be located or piped to avoid hazards to persons.
(7) When two or more safety valves are fitted on a pressure vessel, all except one of the valves shall be set to blow at a pressure slightly above but not more than ten percent (10%) of the maximum permissible working pressure.
(8) When two or more safety valves are placed in one connection for a pressure vessel, such connection shall have a cross-sectional area of at least equal to the combined areas of the safety devices.
(9) Safety valves on pressure vessels shall be provided with continuous drain.
1171.08: Rupture Discs:
(1) Safety rupture discs, shall be made of suitable materials which are:
a. uniform in thickness;
b. capable of withstanding any chemical action; and
c. durable enough to withstand the least possible change.
(2) Where safety rupture discs are used for additional protection of pressure vessels, they shall be designed to fail at a pressure above the safety valve setting.
1171.09: Identification of Control Valves:
Where .a battery of pressure vessels is operated, control valves shall be plainly marked by numbering or by the use of a distinctive color system. If the valve is located on the vessel, each vessel shall carry a mark corresponding to that on its valve.
1171.10: Indicating and Recording Devices:
Indicating and recording devices on pressure vessels shall be protected against breakage or clogging and clearly legible to the operators.
1171.11: Inspection:
(1) Pressure vessels shall be inspected, internally and externally, by authorized and qualified industrial safety engineers:
a. after installation and/or before being placed into service;
b. after reconstruction or repairs and/or before being replaced into service; and
c. at periodic intervals specified by the competent authority depending on the nature of the operation and the condition of the vessels
(2) The manufacturer’s certificate and the records of inspection shall be kept available for examination during the operating life of the vessel.
(3) Upon receipt of notice of annual inspection, the owner or user shall prepare the vessel by:
a. removing the cover of all inspection openings, and
b. clean thoroughly the vessel to facilitate examination.
(4) Inspection of pressure vessels shall include:
a. hammer tests or calibration of the shells and heads;
b. test for gas leaks; and
c. hydrostatic test when considered necessary by the competent authority.
(5) When pressure vessels are subjected to hydrostatic tests, the required test pressure shall not be less than one and one-half (1 1/2) times the maximum permissible working pressure.
(6) Pressure vessels found after inspection as unsafe for use, or not provided with the fittings necessary for safe operations, or which are improperly arranged, shall not be operated unless the vessels and their fittings are in condition to ensure safe operation.
(7) When pressure vessels are repaired, only materials similar to those used in the original construction shall be utilized. For purposes of inspection, the provision of Rule 1162.02 shall apply.
1171.12: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Vessels:
(1) Vessels containing or are used as containers for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) shall be subjected to internal inspection, including hydrostatic tests up to a pressure of not less than one and one-half (1 1/2) times its working pressure, at intervals not exceeding five (5) years. However, internal inspection shall be conducted on such a vessel at any time within this period if in the opinion of the competent authority, said inspection is deemed necessary due to known or inspected defects.
(2) Internal inspection, prior to placing an LP Gas vessel in service, shall be conducted where:
a. a new vessel is installed;
b. a vessel has contained materials other than liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
c. an existing vessel has been discontinued from service, emptied, and purged;
d. a vessel is reinstalled in another location;
e. a vessel has been exposed to fire; and
f. a vessel has been damaged due to handling or other similar exposure.
(3) Pressure vessels containing chemicals or catalysts shall be subjected to internal inspection including hydrostatic test up to a pressure of not less than one and one-half (1 1/2) times its working pressure at intervals not exceeding five (5) years. However, radiographic or sonar examination or its equivalent shall be conducted annually on such vessels to determine thickness.
1172: Steam Heated Pressure Vessels:
1172.01:
Where steam heated pressure vessel is operated at a pressure less than that of the main steam supply line, an effective reducing valve shall be properly secured against any manipulations by an unauthorized person.
1172.02:
Reducing valves and safety valves on steam lines for pressure vessels shall be tested occasionally.
Steam supply pipes for steam heated pressure vessels shall be placed in floor trenches, where practicable, or covered with insulating materials within 2 m. from the floor or working level to prevent excessive increase of temperature in the atmosphere of the workroom.
1173: Closed Steam Heated Pressure Vessels:
1173.01: Interlocks:
(1) Closed steam heated pressure vessels equipped with bayonet-joint covers shall be provided with interlocks or other effective means for preventing:
a. the rise of pressure inside the vessel before the cover is in fully locked position, and
b. the release of the cover from the locked position before the pressure inside the vessel has been reduced to atmospheric pressure.
1173.02: Steam Agitation:
Where the contents of the closed vertical pressure vessels are stirred by means of a live steam, the vessel shall be provided with heavy coiled springs or other suitable shock absorbers under their supports.
1173.03: Revolving Closed Vessels:
(1) Pressure gauges and safety valves on revolving cylindrical steam heated pressure vessels, such as revolving autoclaves, devulcanizers, and rotary driers, shall be located on the steam lines at the trunnions thru which steam is admitted into the vessels.
(2) Driving mechanisms of revolving steam heated pressure vessels shall be provided with:
a. appropriate locking device; and
b. safeguards in accordance with the requirement of Rule 1200.
(3) Before filling or emptying a revolving steam heated pressure vessel, the driving mechanism shall be locked in off position and the stop valves shall be locked in closed position.
(4) Revolving steam heated pressure vessels shall be enclosed or guarded to a sufficient height to prevent any person from coming into contact with them when in motion.
1173.04: Autoclaves:
(1) Autoclaves shall be provided with casings that shall:
a. prevent the contents from being forced out directly in the working spaces, and
b. extend down to the floor to prevent any person from walking under the vessel.
(2) Autoclaves containing liquids shall be installed over pits or in casings of light steel or other suitable materials, tight at the bottom and capable of holding the charge or draining to a suitable receiver.
(3) All electrical equipment in rooms where autoclaves containing flammable substances are installed shall be:
a. effectively grounded; and
b. of approved explosion- proof type.
(4) Linings of autoclaves shall be examined, frequently for leaks and shall be renewed before the shells are damaged.
(5) The heating of oil for oil-jacketed autoclaves shall be performed at points remote from the vessels.
1173.05: Digesters:
(1) Digesters used for the cooking of wood chips shall be equipped with piping of corrosion resistant materials and of adequate thickness, particularly between the blow-off and blow-pits.
(2) Blow-off valves on digesters shall be so arranged that they can be operated from a location outside the digester room or from protected point remote from the valves.
(3) Openings of blow-pits shall be so constructed as small as possible with raised sides or guarded by standard railings of not less than 1.25 m. (48 in.) in height.
(4) Openings of blow-pits shall be preferably on the sides of the pits.
(5) Ladders for access to blow-pits shall be constructed that the doors of the blow-pits cannot be closed when the ladders are in place.
(6) An effective warning system consisting of bells, whistles or other signaling devices, shall be installed in digesters and blow-pits rooms, to be sounded or operated before and while digesters are being blown.
(7) Before opening blow-off valves to discharge the contents, the following procedures shall be observed:
a. the blow-pit shall be free from stock and water;
b. precautions shall be taken to ensure that all workers are out of the blow-pit;
c. the door of the blow-pit shall be securely fastened; and
d. workers in the digesters and blow-pit rooms shall be warned by signals that the blow-off valve is to be opened.
(8) Blow-off valves on digesters shall be opened slowly.
(9) Head covers on digesters shall not be loosened while any pressure is indicated on the steam gauge.
(10) Persons not directly concerned shall not be permitted in digester buildings while digesters are being
blown.
(11) Each floor of digester buildings shall be provided with not less than two (2) unobstructed means of egress.
1173.06: Distilling Apparatus:
(1) Stills shall be equipped with duplicate pressure gauges, safety valves and recording thermometers or pyrometers.
(2) Charging vapor and steam lines on stills shall be:
a. fitted with dual valves, with a bleeder between them, and
b. provided with arrangements for disconnecting and blanking the lines.
(3) Convenient and safe access for quick manipulation of overhead valves on stills shall be provided.
(4) Where horizontal shell stills are mounted at varying heights to allow gravity flow, the manhole ladders shall be of different lengths to fit the front manhole of each still at the proper angle.
(5) When preparing apparatus used in distilling flammable, corrosive or toxic fluids for cleaning or repairs, the following procedure shall be observed:,
a. steam inlet valves shall be locked in close position
b. all charging fluid shall be pumped out;
c. all inlet lines shall be disconnected and blanked or the inlet valves shall be locked in position; and
d. the stills shall be blown through with live steam admitted through a top connection.
(6) When stills are to be charged with cold liquids, they shall first be filled with steam until all the air has been expelled and steam shows at the safety and vacuum relief valves.
(7) When stills are charged with hot liquids, they shall be steamed progressively from the stills through the tower and condensing equipment to a try cock on the gas line.
1173.07: Kiers:
Where hot liquids, such as solutions of caustic soda, lime or sulphuric acid are used in circulating kiers coiling out textile materials or in similar closed pressure vessels, the liquids:
a. shall be prepared in separate vessel or tanks, and
b. shall not be admitted to the pressure vessels until loading of the materials to be processed has been completed.
1173,08: Vulcanizers and Devulcanizers:
(1) Vulcanizers and devulcanizers door fastenings shall be of ample strength, properly spaced and carefully secured.
(2) Vulcanizers and devulcanizers shall be installed above the floors high enough to permit piping valves and traps on the same floors as the vessels. This requirement shall not apply where it is necessary to install bottoms of horizontal vulcanizers below floor levels in order to place the car tracts on the vulcanizers on the same level as the floor tracks.
(3) Periodic and through internal and external inspections shall be made of vulcanizers including all attachments and connecting equipment, at intervals not exceeding three (3) months.
(4) Before allowing workers to enter vulcanizers or devulcanizers for the purpose of releasing jammed or derailed vulcanizer cars or for any other necessary operation, the following shall be observed.
a. steam valves and other supply valves shall be locked in closed position;
b. the blow-down valves on the individual vessel and on any other vessel using the same drain shall be locked in closed position;
c. the vessels shall be free of hazardous fumes or vapor; and
d. the vessels shall be cooled sufficiently to prevent workers from being burned or over exposed to heat.
(5) Safety valves for vulcanizers and open-steam type devulcanizers shall be attached directly to the shells of the vessels.
(6) Vulcanizers and open-steam type devulcanizers equipped with bolted doors shall be provided with hinged type door belts securely attached to lugs on the shell rings.
(7) Before any attempt is made to open the doors of vulcanizers or open-steam type devulcanizers, the following shall be observed:
a. the steam supply valves shall be closed;
b. the blow-down and telltale valves shall be opened until the telltale valve indicates that all internal pressure has been relieved; and
c. the drain valves shall be opened.
(8) Vulcanizers and open-steam type devulcanizers shall be equipped with individual blow down piping and the use of common blow down is prohibited.
(9) Horizontal vulcanizers and open type devulcanizers shall be equipped with:
a. a drain valve at the bottom near the front of the vessel for draining condensed or cooling water from the vessels and to avoid scalding of workers when the doors are opened, and
b. an additional drain valve near the center, when the vessel is more than 0.75 m. (2. 5 ft.) in length.
(10) Vertical vulcanizers and devulcanizers shall be provided with suitable platforms equipped with standard railings and toeboards and arranged to make all working areas accessible.
1173.09: Vulcanizers:
(1) Doors on vulcanizers shall be of quick opening type, with fastening and locking arrangements in full sight of the operators.
(2) Quick opening vulcanizers doors shall be equipped with automatic interlocks that will prevent doors from being opened until all pressure has been relieved.
(3) Power-operated vulcanizer doors running in vertical guides shall be equipped with automatic latches in the guides to prevent the doors from falling in the event of failure of the hoisting mechanism.
(4) Vulcanizers shall be equipped with telltale valves, preferably located on the vulcanizer doors, for reducing the pressure inside to atmospheric level before the doors can be opened.
(5) Where bottoms of horizontal vulcanizers extend below the floor levels, the pits shall be guarded at the sides by standard railings and toeboards, and at the ends by removable rails or by chain carrying warning signs.
(6) Where vulcanizers cars are used, car stops shall be provided in the rear part of the vulcanizer to prevent the cars from striking workers when rolled in.
(7) Plates over spiders on top of hydraulic rams on vertical type vulcanizers shall be perforated and provided with center holes large enough to prevent the accumulation of steam within the rams and the blowing out of the moulds or plates upon removal of the covers.
(8) Vertical type vulcanizers shall be provided with overflow pipes of the water operating the hydraulic rams, with a capacity not less than that of the water inlet pipes, inserted through the cylinder wall at the limit of travel necessary for the ram.
1173.10: Alkali Devulcanizers:
(1) Where safety valves on alkali devulcanizers may be clogged by rubber or other foreign materials from the contents of the vessels, safety rupture discs should be substituted.
(2) Alkali devulcanizers shall be provided with baffles directly on the inner shells at the entrance to the safety valves, steam gauges, and blow-down lines.
(3) Workers exposed to splashes from caustic liquids used in alkali devulcanizers shall be provided with suitable personal protective equipment conforming to the requirement of Rule 1080.
(4) Discharge pipes and closed dump tanks for stationary alkali devulcanizers shall be designed to withstand devulcanizers’ pressure in the event the lines are opened under high pressure.
(5) Revolving spherical alkali devulcanizers shall be provided with:
a. individual motor drives or effective means of locking the driver to prevent the possibility of accidental starting;
b. remote power controls, beyond the reach of persons standing in front of the manhole; and
c automatic interlocking devices which will prevent starting the driving mechanism until the manhole covers are closed and locked except when the operators keep their hands on the power controls.
1174: Open Steam Heated Pressure Vessels:
1174.01: General Provisions:
(1) Where the top edges of large open steam pressure vessels are less than 1.20 m. (4 ft.) above the floor or working level, the vessels shall be surrounded by standard railings to the floor, so that workers can watch the operations, without the possibility of falling into the vessels or being burned by splashing materials.
(2) Batteries of open kiers or similar open steam heated pressure vessels shall be arranged that:
a. the distance between the edges of the vessels is at least 45 cm. (18 in.); and
b. there is unobstructed space for passage around each vessel of at least 45 cm. (18 in.).
(3) Planks, ladders, stairs and other gangways placed over open steam heated pressure vessels containing hot liquid or hot water shall be securely fastened and provided with standard railings and toeboards preferably fitted with fillers.
(4) Sitting or standing on the edges of open steam heated pressure vessels or on guards surrounding such vessels is prohibited.
(5) Where open steam heated pressure vessels give rise to excessive water vapor, adequate steps shall be taken to reduce the relative humidity of the workroom.
1174.02: Open Jacketed Kettles:
(1) Jackets of steam jacketed cooking or tenderizing kettle shall be thoroughly drained before the steam supply valves are open.
(2) When admitting steam to cold steam jacketed kettles, the steam supply valves shall be opened slowly.
(3) Wooden scrapers should be provided and used for removing semi-solid or sticky finished products from steam jacketed pivoted kettles or kettles with side discharged doors.
(4) Open steam jacketed starch kettles used in textile industry shall be provided with covers arranged that the process can be observed, and with large overflow rings with ample drains.
(5) Workers around open steam jacketed kettles shall be provided with, and used suitable protective clothing conforming to Rule 1080.
(6) Before cleaning or making repairs inside open steam jacketed kettles, all;
a. agitating devices shall be locked or blocked to be inoperative;
b. valves or drains connected on common heads shall be closed or blocked; and
c pipings for introducing steam or other dangerous substances shall be disconnected and blanked or their inlet valves shall be locked in the closed position.
1174.03: Open Evaporating Pans:
(1) Open evaporating pans for substances which are flammable when dry, shall be kept free of impurities and the steam coils always covered by liquids when operated.
(2) Steam coils in open evaporator pans shall prevent the creation of a vacuum through steam condensation drawing the material processed into the coils, which, may cause explosion.
1175: Water and Air Pressure Tanks:
1175.01: General Provisions:
The water supplied to water pressure tanks shall be free from suspended solids and sedimentary matters.
1175.02: Hot Water Pressure Tanks:
(1) Hot water pressure tanks shall be designed to withstand full boiler pressure.
(2) Every hot water pressure tank not designed to withstand full boiler pressure shall be equipped with:
a. a reducing valve located between the steam stop valve and the tank; and
b. one or more relief or safety valves on the low pressure side of the reducing valve.
(3) Every hot pressure tank should be equipped with automatic temperature regulator set to prevent the generation of steam.
(4) Pressure gauges for hot water pressure tanks shall be installed between the reducing valves and the relief safety valves.
(5) Steam and hot water piping for hot water pressure tanks shall be adequately insulated where it is exposed to contact.
(6) Hot water tanks shall be examined frequently for leaks of steam or water, which shall include hydrostatic tests when deemed necessary by the Safety Engineer of the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative.
1175.03: Cold Water Pressure Tanks:
(1) Pressure gauges for cold-water pressure tanks for sprinkler system shall be provided with separate shut-off valves with arrangements for draining.
(2) Discharge valves on cold water pressure tanks for sprinkler system shall be locked or sealed in the open position and shall be inspected frequently to make sure that they are open.
(3) Cold water pressure system shall be provided with one or more pressure relief valves adjusted to release over the maximum air pressure of the system.
1175.04: Air Receivers:
(1) Air receivers shall be:
a. protected from the weather; and
b. accessible for external and internal inspection.
(2) Air receivers shall be provided with suitable openings for inspection and cleaning.
(3) Where two or more receivers are served by one compressor, the air supply piping for each tank shall be equipped with a stop valve and with a safety valve between the stop valve and the compressor.
(4) Safety valves for air receiver shall be proportional to the maximum quantity of free air that can be supplied.
(5) Stop valves shall be installed between air receivers and each consuming appliance at points convenient to the operator.
(6) Pipe lines of compressed air systems shall be:
a. securely fastened in place; and
b. installed not to interfere with free contraction or expansion of the pipings between fixed points.
(7) Air receivers shall be equipped at the lowest point possible with automatic drain traps or with valves which shall be opened daily, for relieving the vessels of air, moisture and oil accumulated at the bottoms.
(8) Air receivers shall be kept clean of oil, carbon and other foreign substances.
(9) Compressed air shall not be handled or used by any person except in the performance of his duties.
In no case shall a jet of compressed air be directed against any person.
(10) No vessel shall be used as an air receiver unless it meets the requirements of Rule 1171.01.
(11) Compressed air shall not be used to force liquid or substance out of containers which are not constructed to withstand the pressure of the air supplied.
1176: Refrigeration Tanks:
1176.01: Refrigeration Rooms:
(1) Factory rooms in which refrigeration tanks and other parts of refrigeration systems are permanently installed and operated shall:
a. be provided with tight-fitting doors;
b. have no partitions or openings that will permit the passage of refrigerants to other parts of buildings; and
c. be provided with mechanical means of ventilation.
1176.02:
Not more than two (2) refrigeration tanks shall be located one above the other within the same area between floor and ceiling.
1176.03: Open Flames:
All electrical equipment shall be of the approved explosion proof type. No flame producing devices or hot surfaces shall be permitted in rooms where refrigeration tanks are installed.
1176.04: Materials:
All materials used in the construction and installation of refrigeration tanks shall be capable of withstanding the chemical action.
1176.05: Gauge Glasses:
Liquid level gauge glasses for refrigeration tanks, except the bull’s eye type, shall be fitted with automatic shut-off valves.
1176.06: Stop Valves:
Refrigeration tanks shall be equipped with stop valves at each inlet and outlet pipes.
1176.07: Pressure Relief Device:
(1) Refrigeration tanks shut off by valves from other parts of the refrigerating system, shall be equipped with:
a at least two(2) pressure relief valves or one pressure relief valve in parallel with a rupture member when the capacity of the tank exceeds 140 liters (5 cu. ft.) and its diameter exceeds 15 cm. (6 in.) and
b. a pressure relief device or a fusible plug, when the capacity of the tank is 140 liters (5 cu. ft.) or less.
(2) Pressure relief devices for refrigeration tanks shall be connected directly to the vessels and shall be placed above the liquid refrigerant level.
(3) Pressure relief valves and fusible plugs for refrigeration tanks shall be provided with discharge pipes, leading directly and separately to the outside of the building, with outside outlets located to protect persons from exposure to any irritating or toxic fumes or vapors.
(4) Pressure relief valves and fusible plugs for refrigeration tanks containing ammonia or sulphur dioxide shall discharge into substantial tanks of the closed type or provided with hinged covers, used for no other purpose than the absorption of the refrigerants.
1177: Compressor:
1177.01: Installation:
All compressors shall be installed on firm foundations and securely fastened in place.
1177.02: Machine Guarding:
All moving parts of air compressors shall be safeguarded in accordance with the provisions of Rule 1200.
1177.03: Pressure Limiting Device:
(1) Air compressors shall be equipped with:
a. automatic mechanisms which will stop the air compressing operation when the maximum allowable pressure is reached; and
b. electrically operated pressure limiting devices on air compressors shall be designed and constructed that the electric contracts cannot lock or fuse in a position which will cause the compressors to continue its air-compressing operations.
1177.04: Speed Governors:
Unloaded air compressor or governor controls of engines shall be inspected frequently and regularly and maintained in good working conditions.
1177.05: Lubrication:
Air compressor cylinder shall be lubricated with just sufficient oil to avoid excess oil from flowing into the intercoolers, receivers and other parts of the system.
1177.06: Cooling:
(1) Where air compressors cylinders are equipped with water cooling jackets, a visible indication of water flow shall be provided.
(2) Intercoolers and after-coolers shall be designed and constructed to withstand safety the maximum pressure in their discharge piping.
1177.07: Air Intake and Discharge Piping:
(1) Air intakes for air compressors shall be located at a place where the air is pure, clean and free from any flammable or toxic gases or fumes.
(2) Air discharge piping from air compressors operating at high temperature shall be provided with insulating covers.
(3) If necessary, separator shall be installed at a convenient point between the compressor and the receiver.
1177.08: Valves:
(1) Where stop valves are installed in air discharge piping from air compressor:
a. the valves shall be easily accessible for inspection and cleaning; and
b. one or more safety valves shall be installed between the compressor and stop valve.
(2) Steam or gas supply lines to steam driven or gas driven air compressor shall be provided with a manually operated throttle valve in a readily accessible location.
(3) Compressor valves shall be inspected frequently and regularly and leaking valve shall be immediately repaired or replaced.
1178: Gas Cylinders:
1178.01: Construction:
Cylinders for compressed liquefied and dissolved gases, their fittings and attachments, shall be designed to be suitable for their use and of sufficient strength to sustain the internal pressure to which they are normally subjected.
1178.02: Cylinder Records:
Every cylinder owner or person responsible for the maintenance of the cylinder shall keep a cylinder maintenance register which shall show the corresponding dates of all tests, internal examination, cleaning and repairs undertaken. Such register shall be made available upon request for the Safety Engineer of the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction.
1178.03: Inspection and Testing:
(1) Cylinders shall be inspected and tested:
a. before being placed into service for the first;
b. before being placed in service after repairs; and
c. at periodic intervals as the nature of the gas used in the cylinder may allow, provided that such intervals shall not exceed two (2) years in the vase of cylinders for corrosive gases, and five (5) years for the cylinders for other gases.
(2) Cylinders found after inspection or testing unsafe for use, or are not provided with the fittings necessary or have fittings improperly arranged, shall not be placed in service until the cylinders and their fittings have been put in good condition to ensure safe operation.
(3) It shall be the duty of the owner or person responsible for the maintenance of the cylinder to ensure that the necessary inspections are made.
1178.04: Fittings:
(1) Every cylinder shall be provided with:
a. a device that prevents damage to the bottom of the cylinder, and
b. a protective cap or other equivalent protection for the valve.
(2) The protective cap shall have a vent of such a size to prevent any gas from accumulating inside the cap.
(3) Only such materials resistant to the contents of the cylinder shall be used for parts of valves and fittings.
(4) Copper and alloy containing copper shall not be used for parts or fittings on cylinders for liquefied ammonia dissolved under pressure.
(5) All fittings of cylinders for oxygen and other oxidizing gases shall be kept free from oil grease.
(6) For all flammable gases, the connection screw shall be right-handed.
1178.05: Markings:
(1) Compressed gas cylinders shall be legibly marked for the purpose of identifying the gas content with:
a. chemical symbols – to be stamped on the metal at the shoulder of the cylinder.
b. chemical name and trade name – to be stenciled, labeled or stamped and shall not be readily removed.
(2) All markings shall be located on or near the shoulder of the cylinder.
(3) Metal stampings shall have a minimum height of 0.31 cm. (1/8 in.).
(4) The height of lettering by printing stenciling, labeling and paint or ink stamping shall not be less than one over twenty five (1/25) of the diameter of the cylinder, with a minimum height of 0.62 cm. (1/4 in.).
1178.06: Handling and Storage:
(1) Cylinders shall be adequately protected against excessive variations of temperature, direct rays of the sun and continuous dampness.
(2) Storage of charged cylinders inside factory buildings shall be:
a. limited to such number as to be reasonably safe for the workers therein;
b. suitably placed and secured against their falling and rolling.
(3) Storage rooms containing charged cylinders shall be appropriately marked on the outside with clearly visible danger signs.
(4) Cylinders shall be segregated for storage by type of gas and empty cylinders shall be stored apart from charged cylinders.
(5) Cylinders shall not be placed:
a. in or near gangways, stairways, elevator installations or other places where moving objects may strike or fall. against them;
b. close to highly flammable substances; and
c. adjacent to air intake.
(6) Storerooms shall:
a. be provided with adequate ventilation facilities to the outside air; and
b. have an adequate number of exits having regard to the quantity and nature of the gas stored.
(7) Smoking in cylinder rooms is prohibited.
1178.07: Transport:
(1) Cylinders shall be transported in a way that no part of the cylinders shall project beyond the sides or ends of the vehicle.
(2) Adequate precaution shall be taken to prevent rough handling excessive shocks or local stress.
(3) No cylinder shall be moved by a lifting magnet.
(4) When cylinders are moved by a hoisting mechanism, a properly designed cradle with suitable slings shall be used.
1178.08: Requirements in the Preparation of Pressure Vessel Plans,
The requirements for the preparation and submission of plans shall be as provided in Rule 1167.
1178.09:
The requirements for the preparation and submission of plans including installation, foundation and layout plans of power generating equipment like motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines (gasoline, gas or oil) shall be those provided in Rule 1167.
RULE 1200
MACHINE GUARDING
1201: Definitions:
For purposes of this Rule, the following terms are hereby defined:
(1) “Prime Mover” An engine or motor operated by steam, gas, air, electricity, liquid or gaseous fuel, liquid in motion or other forms of energy and whose main function is to drive or operate, either directly or indirectly other mechanical equipment.
(2) “Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment:” All mechanical means of transmitting power from prime movers to a machine up to but not including the point of operation.
(3) “Point of Operation “’That part of a working machine at which cutting, shaping, forming or any other necessary operation is accomplished, and/or that point or location where stock or materials is fed to the machine. A machine may have more than one point of operation.
(4) “Flywheel” includes flywheels, balance wheels and pulleys which are mounted on and revolves with the crankshaft of an engine or other shafting of a prime mover, which by its inertia assists in securing uniform motion of machinery by resisting sudden changes of speed.
(5) “Transmission Machinery ” Every shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, systems of tight and loose pulleys couplings, clutch, driving belts, V-belts sheaves and belts, chains and sprockets, gearing, torque connectors, hydraulic couplings, magnetic couplings, speed reducers, speed increasers or other power transmission devices by which the motion of any engine is transmitted to or received by any other machinery or appliance.
(6) “Guarded” Shielded, fenced, enclosed or otherwise protected according to their orders, by means of suitable enclosures, covers, or casing through “U’ guards, shield guards, standard railings, or by the nature of the location where permitted in these orders, so as to remove the liability of accidental contact or approach dangerous to persons.
(7) “Standard Machinery Guard” Means guard constructed as prescribed in Rule 1203.
(8) “Standard Railings and Toeboards” Means railings and toeboards constructed as specified in Rule
1060.
1202: Provisions of Guards:
All moving parts of prime movers, transmission equipment and all dangerous parts of driven machinery shall be effectively guarded, unless so constructed or located to prevent any person or object from coming or brought into contact with them.
1202.01: Built-In Safety:
(1) When an employer orders machinery, machine parts or other working equipment, he shall specify in his order that such machinery, parts or equipment shall be provided with all the protective devices required by safety rules for any dangerous part thereof. In cases where it is impossible to anticipate the type of protective device required for special operations, such devices may be obtained or provided as soon as possible.
(2) Manufacturers, vendors and lessors of machinery, machine parts or other working equipment shall ensure that every article delivered, sold or let by them is provided with all the required protective devices.
(3) Employers installing new machinery, machine parts or other working equipment, and persons or firms in charge of the installation of such machinery or parts of machinery and other working equipment shall see to it that these are properly guarded in conformity with existing safety standards.
1202.02: Removal of Guards:
(1) No person shall remove or make ineffective any safeguard, safety appliance, or safety device guarding a dangerous machine or machine part unless such is authorized and the machine is stopped for the purpose of immediately repairing and adjusting such machinery, guard, appliance or device.
(2) Warning signs with standard color shall be installed near the machine being repaired or its guards removed.
(3) Upon completion of the repairs or adjustment, such guards, appliances or devices shall immediately be reinstalled before the machine is used.
1203: Standard Machinery Guards:
1203.01: Guards
(1) Guards shall be designed, constructed and used that they will:
a. provide positive protection;
b. prevent all access to the danger zone during operations;
c. not interfere unnecessarily or inconvenience operation or production;
d. operate automatically or with minimum effort;
e. be suitable for the job and the machine;
f. not obstruct or interfere with machine oiling, inspection, adjustment and repair;
g. withstand long use with minimum maintenance;
h. resist normal wear and stock;
i. be durable, fire and erosion resistant;
j. not constitute a hazard by themselves; and
k. give protection against operational contingencies and not merely against normally expected hazards.
(2) Standard guards or enclosures shall be made of materials suitable for the purpose for which they are designed and constructed.
(3) All machinery guards shall be securely fastened to the machine or to the floor, wall or ceiling and shall be kept in place whenever the machine is in operation.
1203.02: Framework:
The following are minimum standards for the construction of machinery guards:
(I) Small Guards:
a. minimum dimensions of materials of the framework of metal guards 75 cm (30 in.) or less in height and width, a surface area not exceeding 1 sq. meter (11 sq. ft.) shall be 1 cm. (3/8 in.) for solid rod, 20 mm x 10 mm x 3 mm (3/4″ by 3/8″ by 1/8″) for angle iron.
b. other construction may be substituted for guards of the same areas if such will provide equal strength.
(2) Braced Guards:
a. minimum dimensions of materials of the framework of guards more than 75 cm. (30 in.) in height and with a surface area exceeding 1 sq. meter (11 sq. ft.) shall be 25 mm. x 25 mm. x 3 mm. (1 ” x 1″ x 1/8″) for angle iron or 20 mm. (3/4 in.) diameter for metal pipe.
b. such guards should be rigidly braced every 90 cm. (3 ft.) or fractional part of their height to some fixed part of machinery or other structure.
(3) Unbraced Guards:
When a machinery guard is fastened to the floor or working platform without any other support or bracing, the framework shall be:
a. Wood Railings: The top rail and post shall be 50 mm x 100 mm and the intermediate rail shall be 50 mm x 50 mm or 20 mm x 100 mm.
b. All such railings shall be smooth and free from large or loose knots, protruding nails or belts, splinters, fine slivers or cracks.
c. Wood guards shall be securely fastened together with wood screws, hardwood dowels, pins, bolts, rivets, or crimped nails and shall be equal in rigidity to metal guards.
d. Pipe Railings: The top rail and post shall be 30 mm. in diameters and intermediate rail shall be 25 mm. in diameter.
e. Structural Metal Railings: Top rails and posts of angle iron shall be 38 mm x 38 mm x 5 mm and the intermediate rails of angle iron shall be 32 mm x 32 mm x 3 mm.
f. All structural metal railings shall be of sound materials free from defects and all sharp corners shall be rounded and smooth.
(4) Joints:
All framework joints shall be of equivalent strength to the materials of the frame.
(5) Horizontal Overhead Belt Guards:
Framework of guards for the horizontal overhead belts, ropes, or chains, more than 2.6 m. (8 1/2 ft.) above the floor or platform of angle iron, shall be at least:
a. 25 x 25 x 5 mm. (1 by 1 by 3/16 in.) for belts up to 25 cm. (10 in.) in width;
b. 38 x 38 x 6 mm. (1 1/2 by 1 1/2 by 1/4 in) for belts over 25 up to 35 cm (10 to 14 in.) in width;
c. 50 x 50 x 8 mm. (2 by 2 by 5 /16 in.) for belts over 35 up to 60 cm. (14 to 24 in.) in width; and
d. 80 x 80 x 10 mm. (3 by 3 by 3/8 in.) for belts over 60 cm. (24 in.) in width..
e. Horizontal overhead belt more than 2100 mm. above a floor, platform or other working level shall be guarded for their entire length if located over passageways of working places.
(6) Guards support, if of flat iron, should be of the following dimensions:
a. 38 x 6 mm. (1 1/2 by 1/4 in.) for belts up to 25 cm. (10 in.) in width;
b. 50 x 8 mm. (2 by 5/16 in.) for belts over 25 up to 35 cm. (10 to 14 in.) in width;
c. 50 x 10 mm. (2 by 3/8 in.) for belts over 35 up to 60 cm. (14 to 24 in.) in width., and
d. 65 x 10 mm. (2 1/2 by 3/8 in.) for belts over 60 cm. (24 in.) in width.
(7) All guards should be provided with an adequate number of supports and attachments to ensure sufficient rigidity and resistance.
1203.03: Fillers:
(1) Minimum Dimensions of Materials:
a. Fillers should be made of solid sheet metal not less than 0.8 mm. in thickness, perforated sheet metal not less than 1.00 mm. in thickness or woven wire not less than 1.6 mm. in diameter.
b. Fillers of other materials of equal strength for the same area may be substituted. Please see Table
3.1 (Appendix)
(2) Woven Wire:
a. Woven wire shall be of the type in which the wires are securely fastened at every crosspoint by welding or galvanizing or soldering except in the case of diamond or square wire mesh made of wire 2 mm. (0.08 in.) in diameter, 20 mm. (3/4 in) mesh or heavier.
(3) Fastenings:
a. Filler materials shall be securely fastened to angle iron framework with rivets or bolts by welding or weaving through the frames.
b. Wire mesh made of wire 2 mm. (0.08 in.) in diameter, 20 mm. (3/4 in.) mesh or heavier, may be bent entirely around rod frames.
c Filler materials for pipe frame shall be made into panels with rolled edges or bound with sheet metal and the panels shall be fastened to the frames with steel clips.
(4) Filler Openings:
a. Where guards or enclosures is within 100 mm. from moving parts, opening on the guard shall be of such size as will prevent passage of any object greater than 12 mm. in diameter.
b. Where guards are located more than 100 mm. and less than 380 mm. from moving parts, the maximum opening shall not be more than 50 mm. and where slotted guards are used, the width of the opening shall be not greater than 25 mm. and its area shall be not more than 13 sq. cm.
1203.04: Height of Guards:
Except as provided for specific installation, the minimum height of guards shall be 1.00 meter from the upper surface of the top rail to the floor or platform level.
1203.05: Floor Clearances:
Standards railing guards shall be placed not less than 380 mm. nor more than 500 mm. from any moving parts, provided however that where clearance from other moving parts are less than 380 mm. such parts shall be guarded as required elsewhere in this Standards.
1203.06: Interlocks:
Guards on power driven machinery shall be interlocked with a machine control to prevent operation of the machine unless the guard is in its proper position, or arranged that it is difficult to operate the machine unless the guard is in place.
102?1203.07: “U’ Guards:
(1) “U” guards shall be constructed as specified in table 3.1 Appendix.
(2) Edges shall be smooth and if the size of the guard requires, it shall be reinforced by rolling or wiring or by bending with angle or flat metal.
1203.08: Wood Guards:
(1) Material
a. Wood used for guards shall be sound, tough and free from any loose knots.
(2) Construction
a. Wood guards shall be made of planed lumbed not less than 25 mm. (1 in.), or of wood or fabricated lumber of equal strength. The edges and corners shall be rounded off.
b. Wood guards shall be securely fastened together with wood screws, hardwood dowels, pins, bolts, rivets, or crimped nails and shall be equal in rigidity to metal guards fulfilling the requirements of Rules
1203.01, 1203.02 and 1203.03.
1204: Machine Guard at Point of Operation:
1204.01: General Provisions:
(1) The point of operation of machinery shall be effectively guarded.
(2) Mechanical feeding and ejection devices shall be provided.
(3) Individual starting and stopping devices shall be provided on every working machine having a cutting, drawing, grinding, pressing, punching, shearing or squeezing action to make it possible for the operator to start or stop the machine without leaving his working position.
(4) Enclosed guard shall conform to the provisions of Rules 1203.01 to 1203.08. Where visibility of operations is desirable, the fillers for the guards covering points of operation may be of clear transparent material where the strength and rigidity of standard fillers are not necessary.
(5) Where pedals are used to actuate machinery or parts of machinery, an automatic locking device shall be attached to the pedal or inverted U-shaped guard shall be fastened to the floor over the treadle leaving sufficient clearance for the foot of the operator between the treadle and the guard.
1205: Transmission Machinery Guarding:
1205.01: Prime Movers:
(1) Flywheel and other prime movers shall be periodically inspected by qualified personnel for cracks, incorrect adjustments and other defects to prevent explosion.
(2) Any exposed part of flywheel 2,100 mm or less above the floor or platform shall be guarded.
(3) In areas where standard railings are used, the railings shall not be less than 380 mm. nor more than 500 mm from the rim of the wheel. A standard toe board shall also be provided.
(4) When it is necessary to move flywheels for starting, guards may be removed temporarily but shall be returned immediately after such an operation is completed. A slot opening for jack bar will be permitted.
(5) Every jack bar should be equipped with a hand stop so located that it will safely clear the flywheel guards when fully inserted but will prevent the worker’s hand being pinched between the slot and bar.
(6) Any portion of the flywheel protruding through a place where workers work or pass shall be completely enclosed or surrounded by guard rails.
1205.02: Governors:
(1) Centrifugal governors shall be guarded or enclosed in the same way as flywheels.
(2) Fly ball governors located 2,135 mm or less above the floor, platform or other working level having rotating, projecting or sectional parts or hazardous recesses shall be enclosed or covered with guard secured to rigid supports and accessible to oiling and inspection.
1205.03: Collars and Couplings:
(1) Revolving collars and couplings shall be cylindrical and no screws or bolts project beyond largest periphery. Couplings shall be enclosed by stationary guards.
1205.04: Keys and Set Screws:
(1) Projecting keys, set screws and other projections in revolving parts of a machine not guarded by the frame of the machine or by location shall be removed, made flush or guarded by non-rotating metal caps.
1205.05: Tail Rods:
(1) Tail rods extending in areas where persons work or pass shall be guarded.
(2) If guardrails are used, the range shall be 50.8 cm. (20 in.) when the tail is fully extended.
1205.06: Shafting:
(1) Shafts shall be completely enclosed 2.13 m. (7 ft.) from the floor.
(2) Shafts under benches or floors shall be covered.
(3) Exposed face ends of shafts over half the diameter of the shaft shall be guarded with non-rotating caps.
1205.07: Belt and Pulley Drive:
(1) Any part of a horizontal belt and pulley drive, involving the use of flat crowned or flanged pulleys, which is 2,100 mm or less above the floor or working level shall be guarded.
(2) The distance between two (2) pulleys, except in cases of tight and loose pulleys should be greater than the width of the belt.
(3) Overhead belts over 2,100 mm from the floor shall be guarded in its entire length if:
a. Located over passageways or workplaces and running at speed of 20 km/hr. or over.
b. Center to center distance between pulleys is 3.05 m or more.
c Belt is 200 mm or more in width.
The bottom and sides shall also be guarded.
(4) When both runs of belts are 2,100 mm or less from the floor, the belts shall be completely enclosed.
(5) Where a group of flat belt drive is guarded by standard railing guard, such drives shall be considered guarded where the distance from the vertical plane of the rail to the nearest point of any belt or pulley is not less than 380 mm nor more than 500 mm and where the distance between any two adjacent belts or pulleys does not exceed 900 mm.
(6) Belt-type variable speed drives located 2,100 mm or less from the floor or working level shall have all moving parts guarded.
(7) Belts and shafting in workplaces where flammable liquids or vapors of explosives dusts are present shall be grounded or the accumulation of static electricity shall be controlled.
(8) Pulleys with a speed of 400 rpm shall be periodically inspected for defects.
1205.08: Conveyors:
(1) Screw conveyors 2,100 mm. or less above floor or other working level shall be completely covered with substantial lids except that screw conveyors the top of which is 600 mm or less above the floor or other working level, or below the floor level may be guarded by standard railing guards having toeboards of midrail height or shall be guarded by substantial covers or gratings.
(2) All belt conveyors head pulleys, tail pulleys, single tension pulleys and dip take-up pulleys shall be so guarded that the entire sides of the pulleys are covered and the guard shall extend in the direction of the run of the belt such a distance that a person cannot reach behind it and become caught in the nip point between the belt and the pulley.
(3) Portable inclined conveyors shall have head and tail pulleys or sprockets and other power transmission equipment guarded accordingly.
(4) Where necessary to pass over exposed chain, belt, bucket, screw or roller conveyors, such crossovers shall be bridged or catwalk properly equipped with standard railings and toeboards and shall have a safe means of access either fixed ladder, ramp or stairway.
(5) Conveyors passing over areas that are occupied or used by employees shall be so guarded as to prevent the materials handled from falling on and causing injury to employees.
(6) Where workmen pass under the return strands of chain conveyors a shallow through or other effective means or sufficient strength to carry the weight of the broken chain shall be provided.
1205.09: Gears and Sprockets:
(1) All power operated gears and sprockets wherever located shall be completely covered.
(2) The chains, sprockets and chain drives located within 2,100 mm of the floor or other working level shall be guarded in the same manner as the belts are.
1205.10: Starting and Stopping Devices:
(1) Clutches, cut-off couplings or clutch pulleys and other mechanical power control devices having projecting parts where any parts of such devices is located 2,100 mm or less above the floor or working level shall be completely enclosed and such enclosure shall not interfere with the operation of the mechanical control.
(2) Each process machine driven by an individual prime mover shall be equipped with emergency stopping devices which can be safely actuated from the operator’s working position unless the machine is equipped with automatic clutch which will stop or disengage all machine operation.
(3) Where an operator attends one or more process machine not having individual drive each machine shall be equipped with a stopping device which can be safely actuated from the operator’s working position at the machine, such a stopping device may stop an entire group of machine by stopping the prime mover, power transmission or it may be a machine clutch, cut-off coupling or tight and loose pulley with belt shifter which can stop all the machine operations at any time on any machine. Pole or hand shifting of belts is not considered adequate means for disconnecting the power.
Exception: Where due to the process, machine must be operated in groups, the machine power control may stop the entire group of machines, such group drives shall be provided with conveniently located readily accessible, and properly marked or otherwise identified emergency stop device.
(4) Where practicable each process machine simultaneously attended or operated by more than one employee shall be equipped with a machine power control for each employee exposed to point of operation hazards. Said controls shall be interlocked in a manner to prevent operation of machine unless all controls are operated simultaneously.
(5) Machine power controls shall be maintained in safe operating conditions and shall be so designed, installed and or located that they are not likely to operate from accidental contact with objects or parts of the body.
(6) Motor switches, friction clutches, belt shifters, engine stops and similar machine parts shall be arranged that control can be effected at the point of operation.
1206: Woodworking Machinery:
1206.01:Swing and Cut-off Saw:
(1) Hood guards shall be provided on swing saws extending below the platforms with the side cover next to the end of the platform preferably hinged for easy access to the saw.
(2) The rear of the saw shall be completely housed when the saw is in back position where it is possible to pass behind a swing and cut-off saw. The housing shall include the swing frame as well as the saw.
(3) Swing saws shall be provided with limit chains or other positive means to prevent travel beyond the front edge of the saw table.
(4) Swing saw shall be provided with latches or other positive means to prevent the saw from rebounding when swinging back and shall not depend on fiber rope or cord for its functioning.
(5) Swing saws shall be provided with counterweights or other effective devices which will automatically return the saw when its front edge is released by the operator at any point of its travel.
(6) Counterweights on swing saws shall be prevented from dropping by means of:
a. bolts through the extreme ends of the bar; and
b. safety chains secured to the ceiling or other overhead support.
(7) If counterweight is used all bolts supporting the bar and weight shall be provided with nuts and cotter pins.
1206.02: Table Saws:
(1) Every circular and fed table saw shall be guarded by hood enclosing completely the portion of the saw above the table. The hood and mounting shall be so arranged that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the stock being cut without considerable resistance to the material being sawed.
(2) Where the saw moves forward horizontally the hood or guard shall extend at least 50 mm in front of the saw teeth when the saw is in back position. The width of the hood shall be limited so as to provide not more than 12.70 mm clearance on each side of saw blade. A fixed or manually adjusted hood or guard may be allowed, provided the space between the bottom of the guard and the material being cut does not exceed 12.70 mm.
(3) Except when grooving and when a roller wheel is provided at its back, the saw shall be provided with a spreader mounted directly at the back of the saw at a distance of not more than 0.95 cm. and shall be supported so that all times it will be in alignment with the saw when the table is lifted or tilted. The spreader shall be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw blade.
(4) The saw shall be provided with anti-kick-back device to prevent the stock from being thrown back towards the operator. Anti-kick-back devices shall be designed to be effective for all thickness of material.
(5) The exposed part of the saw blade under the table shall be enclosed or guarded against contact.
(6) For narrow or thin cuts, push sticks or push blocks shall be used and the operator shall always stay away from the direct line of the stock being sawed.
(7) The saw guard shall be equipped with a handle or lug by which it may be temporarily retracted without exposing the operator’s fingers to the blade.
(8) Saw guards shall not be locked in an open position and shall be maintained in good working conditions at all times.
1206.03: Planners:
(1) Cutting knives shall be completely enclosed, templates, jigs or fixture which will enable the part to be processed without exposing the operator’s hand to the danger zone shall he used.
(2) The feeding mechanisms of planners shall be guarded or enclosed leaving only the space required for feeding of the stock. The guard shall be fastened to the frame carrying the rolls so as to remain in adjustment for any thickness of the stock.
(3) Power feed planners shall be provided with anti-kick-back devices.
1206.04: Jointers:
(1) A suitable guard which will automatically adjust itself to cover the portion of the cutting head exposed during the planning operations shall be used. The guard shall be capable of protecting the entire length of the cutting space in the table.
(2) All jointers shall be equipped with cylindrical cutting heads.
(3) The exposed portions of the cutting head at the rear of the fence shall be covered.
(4) For short cuts, push sticks or blocks shall be used.
1206.05: Sanders:
(1) Belt sanders shall have both pulleys and the unused run of the sanding belt enclosed. Rim guards will be acceptable for pulleys with smooth disc wheels provided that on-running nip points are guarded.
Guards may be hinged to permit sanding on the pulley.
(2) Disc sanders shall have the periphery and back of revolving disc guarded, and the space between revolving disc and edge of table shall not be greater than 6.35 mm.
(3) The exposed parts of the drum of the drum sanders except for the portion where the material comes in contact with the abrasive surfaces shall be guarded,
(4) The revolving head of the elbow sander shall be fully guarded except where abrasive comes in contact with the material.
1206.06: Band Saws:
(1) The upper and lower band wheel shall be guarded and the periphery of the enclosure shall be of solid metal. The cover at the back and front of the saw shall be of solid or mesh metal.
(2) Feed rolls of band resaws and band ripsaws shall be protected with a semi-cylindrical guard to prevent the hands of the employee from coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point. The guard shall be constructed of heavy material, preferably metal and the edge of the guard shall come to within 12.70 mm. of the plane formed by the inside face of the feed roll in contact with the stock being cut.
(3) Large band saws shall be provided with a breaking device to bring the saw to a stop when the power is cut off.
1206.07: Other Provisions:
(1) Proper guarding of machines in die casting, paper and printing, textile and laundry, leather and composition, food and tobacco processing, chemical industry, rubber and composition working, stone, clay and glass working, and cotton and seed cotton processing as provided for in Chapter 4 of PSME CODE are hereby adopted.
1207: Guarding Mechanical Power Presses, Foot and Hand Power Presses
1207.01: General Provisions:
Guards for mechanical power, foot and hand power presses other than what is provided in this Rule may be acceptable provided they afford equal protection to the worker.
(1) Automatic, semi-automatic or mechanical feed presses:
a. Fixed guards or enclosures – a fixed guard or enclosure shall be so arranged and equipped to guard the front and both sides to prevent the operator’s fingers from reaching the danger zone. However, said fixed guards may not be required where access to the danger zone by the operator is not possible or necessary.
(2) Hand and Food Power Presses:
a. Fixed guard or enclosure – a fixed guard or enclosure across the front and shall be so arranged that the finger cannot be inserted under, over, through or around the guard. The guard may be an integral part of the die or attached to the press frame;
b. Interlocking Gate Guard – a guard or gate operated by a tripping device which will not permit the press to operate until after the hands of the operator shall have been removed from the danger zone.
c Limited Ram Travel – the stroke of the ram or plunger shall be such that the clearance between the ram and the plunger and die or the stripper shall not be more 10 mm.
d. Swept Guard – a mechanically operated guard which throws the hands of the operator out of the way as the ram descends. Such a guard should be padded to prevent injury should it strike the operator’s wrist.
e. Pull-Out Protective Device – a mechanically operated device attached to the operator’s hands, wrist or arms which withdraws the operator’s hands from the danger zone as the ram descends.
f. Two Handed Trip Device – an arrangement whereby hands are used instead of feet to trip the press:
the simultaneous and continuous action of both hands being required.
1207.02: Controls:
Mechanical, electrical or air controls shall be permitted on large presses requiring one or more operators provided that such controls require the simultaneous action of both hands of each operator to trip the press. Such controls shall be located in such a way that the hands or any part of the body of the operator will not reach the danger zone during the descending stroke.
1207.03: Pedal or Treadle Guards:
Pedals or treadles of foot actuated presses shall be provided with substantial guards to prevent accidental tripping. For treadles other than long bars extending across the machine the openings in such guards shall not be more than twice the width of the foot.
1207.04: Special Hand Tools:
Where necessary, special hand tools such as pushers, pickers, pliers, tweezers, forks, magnets, or suction discs shall also be provided for feeding or removing materials without placing the hands in the danger zone.
RULE 1210
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
1211: Philippine Electrical Code:
The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the standards contained therein shall be considered safety standards to the extent that they safeguard any person employed in any workplace and control the practice of electrical engineering.
1212: Electrical Safety Inspection:
1212.01: Definition:
(1) “Installation” as used in this Rule shall mean assemblage of electrical equipment in a given location, designed for coordinated operation, properly erected and wired.
(2) “Approved” shall mean acceptable to the Bureau after test and examination show compliance with standards.
1212.02: General Provisions:
(1) No electrical installation shall be undertaken without the plans having been approved by the Secretary or his authorized representative.
(2) No service or power supply shall be connected to any electrical installation by any utility company supplying electricity or by any person until the necessary final inspection is conducted and a safety certificate/permit issued by the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction over the case.
(3) The following are excluded in the coverage of this Rule;
a. electric generating plants with franchises which are under the jurisdiction of the Board of Power and Waterworks.
b. electric generating plants and electrical installations in radio and television station which are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications, and
c. electrical installation for conveyances used in connection with water transportation which are under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs.
(4) The exemptions under 3 (a) and (b) are only for the design and construction, the electrical installation may be inspected by the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative, if such poses danger to the safety and health of the workers therein.
(5) The practice of electrical engineering as required under this Rule shall be subjected to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Engineering Law, R.A. 184.
1212.03: Application and Plans:
(1) Application for electrical installation shall be filed by the owner/manager to the Secretary or his authorized representative having jurisdiction accompanied by plans, designs and/or specifications in triplicate prepared under the responsible charge of, signed and sealed by a registered professional electrical engineer duly licensed to practice in the Philippines. The approved plans shall serve as the installation permit and construction may be started.
(2) Application for the electrical installation for household lighting utilizing energy involving installation of twenty (20) outlets or less, or for the power or heat utilizing electrical energy not exceeding four (4) kilowatts need not be accompanied by plans.
However, a layout sketch of the proposed installation shall be submitted with a list of materials and devices to be used and a signed statement to the effect that it shall conform with the rules and regulations of this Standards.
(3) After construction, a certificate of final inspection shall be secured from the office having jurisdiction, which shall serve as a service connection, safety permit and to use the installation for one year counted from the date of final inspection.
(4) Application for a certificate of electrical inspection shall be filed by the owner, manager or his authorized representative with the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction at least thirty (30) days before the expiration date of the safety permit.
1212.04: Inspection:
(1) The safety engineers of the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction shall conduct annual safety inspection on all electrical installation and/or special inspections as provided in Rule 1004.
(2) All Regional Labor Offices shall adopt and maintain an effective records control of all electrical inspections in order that re-inspection shall not go beyond the expiration date.
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation:
(1) A certificate to use the installation shall be issued subject to the following:
a. Work shall be performed under the responsible charge or supervision of a duly authorized electrical engineer or a master electrician in conformity with the field of action authorized for each grade.
b. All work shall conform with the approved plans and the provisions of this Standards.
c. All materials used in the installation shall be of the approved type.
d. The certificate shall be valid for a period of one (1) year counted from the date of final inspection and renewable annually thereafter if inspection show it is safe to use.
(2) A certificate shall continue to be valid even beyond the expiration date if an application for renewal was submitted and filed at least thirty (30) days before the expiration date and for reasons beyond its control, the enforcing agency concerned failed to act on the application on or before the date of expiration.
(3) Temporary Installation Certificate: A temporary certificate may be issued for the following:
a. temporary installations for building construction or other civil engineering work;
b. temporary installations pending completion of permanent installation; and
c. temporary installation for amusements such as ferris wheels, fairs, fiestas and other similar electrical installations.
(4) Temporary Installation Certificate shall be issued after the following conditions are complied with:
a. Clearance by the enforcing authority of the electrical plans where the installation is over twenty (20) outlets or the total load exceeds four (4) kilowatts.
b. Submission of sketch of the proposed installation to the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative for installation of twenty (20) or less outlets on for loads not exceeding four (4) kilowatts, showing a layout of the wiring installation, location and a signed statement that the installation shall conform with this Standards and that all materials used shall be of the approved type.
(5) Duration of Temporary Certificate:
a. Temporary installation for construction work and installation pending permanent installation shall be for a period of one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of issuance subject to renewal until the work is completed. Each renewal is for a period of one hundred twenty (120) days.
b. Installations for amusements shall be for sixty (60) days renewable for a maximum of sixty (60) days.
1212.06: Additional Loads:
(1) When subsequent inspection is conducted for additional loads to an existing installation within a covered year, fees shall be charged only for the additional load.
(2) Permit for additional loads inspected within the covered year shall have for their expiration date the date of the original electrical installation.
(3) The original installation including all additional loads shall be reinspected on the same date of the following year.
(4) Additional load and/or alteration of installation is not allowed unless a permit is issued.
1213: Inspection Fees:
Refer to Rule 1970
1214: Requirements in the Preparation of Electrical Plans:
Before electrical wiring installation is done, the owner/manager or his authorized representative shall file the required application for electrical wiring installation in triplicate, accompanied by three (3) copies of each sheet of plans in white print. The following shall be incorporated in the plans.
(1) Location Plans:
a. site of the compound indicating any known landmarks, private or public buildings and arrow indicating NORTH direction drawn not necessarily to scale.
b. the service drop from the utility company pole to the building structure; and
c. all feeder lines.
(2) Electrical Layout:
a. power layout, in addition to the lighting layout, if the number of motors exceed (10);
b. other loads;
c. bell system circuit;
d. telephone system circuit;
e. riser or single line diagram
f. riser design computation;
g. load schedule;
h. electrical legend and specifications;
(3) Outdoor sub-station:
a. location of outdoor sub-station indicating the distance with respect to the nearest building,
b. primary and secondary lines,
c. fencing or enclosure,
d. top, front and side views showing pertinent distances,
e. grounding system,
f. specification
c. single line diagram
h. legend
i. design computation.
(4) Indoor Sub-station:
Transformer vault walls, roof, flooring, doorways, ventilation and drainage including items, b, d, e, f, g, h and i of outdoor sub-station requirements.
Labor Code of the Philippines 